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【新聞脈搏】仿生眼睛預期五年內研製成功,全球二億多視障者有望重見光明!

1970年代,美國電視劇《無敵鐵金剛》和《無敵女金剛》等曾風靡一時。劇集中的主人翁因遭遇意外,身體多個器官都換上了科學研製的替代品,因而具備超凡能力。數十年前的科幻構想,到現在有機會成真!

根據《自然》科學期刊最近一篇論文報道,一群機械人學工程師已研發出仿生眼睛,其敏感度與肉眼相差無幾,或許可令全球二億八千五百萬人重見光明,包括因老年黃斑部病變或槍彈意外而失明的人。

這種嶄新的義眼由香港和美國的工程師共同研發,其構造盡量模仿人類的視網膜,稱為「電動化學眼」(英文簡稱為EC-EYE)。

視網膜是人類最為敏感的組織之一,為我們提供了四周環境約八成資訊。舉例來說,仿生眼模仿了視網膜的圓拱形狀,令聚焦更為準確,方法是減少光線穿越感光細胞時的散布範圍。

科學數據顯示,每平方厘米便有大約一千萬個感光細胞。

一直以來,難題在於我們無法以人造物料複製這些天然特性。不過,上述論文的作者兼工程師、香港科技大學的范智勇教授和他的團隊開發了一組高密度的感光器,可以放置於氧化鋁分子的小孔內。氧化鋁這種礦物質差不多有鑽石那麼堅硬。科學家正研究用氧化鋁仿製視網膜。

至於仿製的神經線,是用液體金屬造成的電線。把這種電線置於橡膠管內,用以連接外在的線路,處理影象。而安置整套視網膜科技的眼球就以矽為物料,在晶體和視網膜之間的空間則有一層離子液體,用作緩衝。

范智勇教授的團體估計,這項科技預計可於五年內在市場推出。而且EC-EYE的能力真的有可能勝過肉眼──只要增加感應器探測光線的密度就可以。

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